The introduction of a national CO2 emissions tax in Serbia, together with alignment with the EU CBAM mechanism, is a significant signal for accelerating decarbonisation and improving energy efficiency in the economy.
The new regulatory framework, which provides for an emissions tax of 4 EUR per tonne of CO2 equivalent, further emphasises the need for systematic emissions management in industrial and energy sectors. Although the initial tax level is relatively low compared with EU ETS prices, fiscal pressure is expected to strengthen gradually through the CBAM mechanism and further harmonisation with the European carbon market.gljenika.
Although businesses in five key sectors - steel production, cement, aluminium, fertilisers and electricity - are currently directly affected by this regulation, the indirect consequences will be felt throughout the economy. Companies in these sectors will be key links in supply chains, meaning emissions costs will be reflected in raw-material and energy prices, while suppliers will increasingly be required to provide precise data on their carbon footprint.
For organisations, this means energy efficiency is no longer merely an operational-cost issue, but also a direct factor of competitiveness. In addition to the five most exposed sectors mentioned above, all companies seeking to preserve their position in domestic and international markets must optimise energy consumption, modernise production processes and invest in low-carbon technologies.
In this context, the key recommended measures include:
- improving energy efficiency in production and auxiliary processes
- introducing systems for emissions measurement, reporting and verification (MRV)
- optimising the energy mix and increasing the share of renewable sources
- assessing CBAM exposure in value chains and preparing strategies to minimise costs.
Although the legal framework has been established, some secondary legislation and technical methodologies are still under development, further emphasising the need for a proactive approach and early adaptation of business models.
In this sense, regulatory changes should not be viewed solely as a new cost, but as a signal for strategic transformation towards more energy-efficient and climate-resilient business.
Our team continues to monitor further regulatory developments and implementation rules, as well as their practical implications for industry and the market.